ABSTRACT
Background : Community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) index is commonly used to measure periodontal disease. It's uniqueness, apart from assessing the periodontal status, also gives the treatment needs for the underlying condition. Benzoyl-DL-arginine napthylamide (BANA) test is a chair side diagnostic test used to detect the presence of putative periodontal pathogens. We correlated the CPITN scores of patients with BANA test results to assess the validity of CPITN as an indicator of anaerobic periodontal infection. Objectives : The present study was aimed to correlate the CPITN scores with the BANA activity of subgingival plaque. The objective was to assess the validity of CPITN index as indicator of anaerobic periodontal infection. Patients and Methods : A total of 80 sites were selected from 20 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. After measuring the probing depth with CPITN C probe, the highest score from each sextant was selected according to the CPITN criteria and subgingival plaque samples were collected using a sterile curette and the BANA test was performed. Results : Kendall's tau-b and Chi- square test were used to assess the correlation between the BANA test results and CPITN scores. Results indicated sensitivity (92.86%), specificity (80%) and agreement (91.25%); indicating the validity of CPITN in assessing anaerobic infection. Conclusion : There was a significant correlation between BANA test results and scores 3 and score 4 of CPITN index (P < 0.001) clearly indicating the presence of anaerobic periodontal infection.
Subject(s)
Adult , Bacteria, Anaerobic/physiology , Bacteroidaceae Infections/diagnosis , Bacteroides/classification , Bacteroides Infections/diagnosis , Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide/diagnosis , Chronic Periodontitis/classification , Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/classification , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Indicators and Reagents , Needs Assessment , Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification , Periodontal Attachment Loss/microbiology , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket/classification , Periodontal Pocket/microbiology , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolation & purification , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treponema denticola/isolation & purification , Treponemal Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Malodour has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal sites and the dorsum of the tongue. The aim of this study was to detect malodour in mouth air organoleptically and using a portable sulphide monitor and to correlate it with the clinical parameters, halitosis linked toxins and BANA, using tongue and subgingival plaque samples. The halitosis grading is also correlated with the microbial colonies of the subgingival plaque sample. METHODS: 20 patients with chronic periodontitis with 5-7 mm pocket depth, radiographic evidence of bone loss and presence of oral malodour participated in this study. Assessment of mouth air was done organoleptically and by using a portable sulphide monitor. The clinical parameter, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (BI), were obtained from all the areas. Samples for BANA and to detect halitosis linked toxins were taken from the dorsal surface of the tongue and periodontal pockets ranging 5-7 mm. Halitosis related microbial colonies were identified using anaerobic culturing from the subgingival plaque. RESULTS: The scores of PI, GI, BI and sample that tested positive for halitosis linked toxins and with the halitosis grading were not significant. The presence of tongue coating and the halitosis grading and toxin levels were significant. BANA has shown to be non contributory due to technical problems. Anaerobic culture has shown to identify Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Prevotella colonies. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that there was no correlation between the clinical parameters, halitosis linked toxins and halitosis grading. The microbial colonies have shown to correlate with the presence of oral malodour.
Subject(s)
Adult , Alveolar Bone Loss/metabolism , Bacterial Toxins/analysis , Bacteroides/isolation & purification , Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Coloring Agents/diagnosis , Dental Plaque/chemistry , Dental Plaque Index , Female , Fusobacterium/isolation & purification , Gingival Hemorrhage/metabolism , Halitosis/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket/metabolism , Periodontitis/complications , Porphyromonas/isolation & purification , Prevotella/isolation & purification , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Sulfides/analysis , Tongue/metabolismABSTRACT
Já foi amplamente comprovado na literatura o papel das bactérias como fator etiológico das doenças periodontais. A partir deste fato, tornou-se importante o desenvolvimento de métodos de detecçäo para identificar bactérias periodontopatogênicas, na placa bacteriana de indivíduos com doença periodontal. O teste BANA é utilizado para identificaçäo de bactérias que atuam no processo de destruiçäo periodontal - Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivais e Treponema denticola - que possuem uma enzima semelhante à tripsina, capaz de hidrolisar o substrato BANA (N-benzoil-DL-arginina-2-naftilamida) que, ligado a um cromóforo, produz uma reaçäo, evidenciando a presença de uma ou mais das espécies mencionadas. Os autores se propöem a fazer uma revisäo sobre o teste, abordando suas características, vantagens e desvantagens e demonstrar a sua técnica
Subject(s)
Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide , Clinical Enzyme Tests , Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Periodontal Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
Los métodos de detección fáciles y rápidos son armas inmejorables para poder diagnosticar las enfermedades. Para ello es necesario tener a mano los elementos suficientes que sean fáciles de manejar, seguros, no causen daño, de preferencia no invasivos, no contaminantes y de alta sensibilidad y especificidad. La reacción de la N-benzoil-DL-arginina-2-naftil-amida (BANA), parece ser una prueba capaz de determinar si un sitio está sano o periodontalmente enfermo; aún más, es posible saber si ese sitio tiene enfermedad periodontal activa o no